MLS Front-Office Efficiency in the Designated Player era

Four years ago I wrote a post on inflation-adjusted front-office efficiencies in Major League Soccer.  Looking back at the post, I was moving in the right direction with the analysis, but I believe that it’s better to compare seasonal performances instead of averages.  In this post I present data for standardized front-office efficiency in the Designated Player era — 2007 to present.

In this analysis, standardized front-office efficiency is another word for standardized win cost, which was introduced by Prof Bill Gerrard in a 2010 paper that he wrote on financial benchmarking of English Premier League teams.  (I will review Bill’s paper in a future Paper Discussion post.)  I wrote about standardized win cost in my post that explained the latest version of the Front-Office Efficiency metric; basically, it expresses inflation-adjusted cost relative to the average cost in a baseline year.  If the average baseline cost is set to 100, we can state standardized win cost in terms of percent differences of efficiency.

For the Major League Soccer analysis the base year is set to 2007, which also happens to be the start of the Designated Player era.  It’s probably just as well because public salary data is extremely difficult to find in the years before 2007.    The results of the analysis are presented in the table below.  Payroll and costs are expressed in nominal US dollars (e.g. payroll for 2008 San Jose Earthquakes are in 2008 dollars), points and points per game are self-explanatory, player utilization is expressed in percent, and standard win cost is non-dimensional.

There are successful and unsuccessful teams throughout the list, but teams that end up at the low-cost end of the list are sides that make the MLS Cup Playoffs (the team with the lowest standard efficiency that did not make the playoffs was Chicago Fire in 2011).  There are a couple of Supporters’ Shield winners and MLS Cup finalists among that group; there are Supporters’ Shield and MLS Cup finalists at the other end of the standard efficiency list, but a lot more non-playoff sides as well.

There is a ton more content that can be generated from these data, but for now, here are the data for your slicing and dicing pleasure.

Year Team Available Payroll Points PPG Utilization Payroll Cost/PPG Payroll Cost/Point Std Win Cost
2012 San Jose Earthquakes $2,913,930.75 66 1.941 47.9% $718,884.38 $21,143.66 38.187
2013 New England Revolution $2,897,745.13 51 1.500 39.0% $753,993.28 $22,176.27 41.217
2012 Sporting Kansas City $2,910,178.43 63 1.853 51.9% $815,755.35 $23,992.80 43.333
2008 Columbus Crew $2,030,832.31 57 1.900 54.6% $583,062.64 $19,435.42 43.716
2010 Real Salt Lake $2,259,109.62 56 1.867 58.3% $705,326.30 $23,510.88 44.939
2014 FC Dallas $4,001,567.76 54 1.588 42.6% $1,072,049.64 $31,530.87 45.481
2010 FC Dallas $2,454,590.00 50 1.667 48.8% $718,262.13 $23,942.07 45.763
2014 D.C. United $3,492,330.82 59 1.735 53.7% $1,080,728.41 $31,786.13 45.849
2011 FC Dallas $2,879,952.24 52 1.529 42.4% $798,223.07 $23,477.15 46.300
2012 Columbus Crew $2,949,068.29 52 1.529 45.5% $877,540.64 $25,810.02 46.615
2009 Chivas USA $2,277,468.18 45 1.500 40.4% $613,094.43 $20,436.48 47.083
2008 Chivas USA $2,109,970.52 43 1.433 43.0% $633,285.57 $21,109.52 47.482
2010 Columbus Crew $2,325,961.50 50 1.667 54.0% $753,053.30 $25,101.78 47.980
2013 Colorado Rapids $3,045,777.23 51 1.500 43.7% $887,742.54 $26,110.07 48.528
2014 Columbus Crew $2,986,916.26 52 1.529 59.0% $1,152,065.09 $33,884.27 48.876
2012 Houston Dynamo $2,748,237.44 53 1.559 52.3% $921,530.68 $27,103.84 48.952
2010 San Jose Earthquakes $2,381,681.75 46 1.533 49.9% $775,082.08 $25,836.07 49.384
2012 Chicago Fire $3,187,153.26 57 1.676 49.0% $931,923.61 $27,409.52 49.504
2014 Sporting Kansas City $3,312,332.85 49 1.441 51.3% $1,179,514.97 $34,691.62 50.040
2007 Chivas USA $1,827,041.30 53 1.767 56.5% $584,205.07 $19,473.50 50.070
2014 Real Salt Lake $3,597,680.76 56 1.647 55.3% $1,207,484.45 $35,514.25 51.227
2012 D.C. United $3,331,675.54 58 1.706 50.0% $976,525.59 $28,721.34 51.873
2011 Seattle Sounders FC $2,977,266.27 63 1.853 56.1% $900,760.10 $26,492.94 52.247
2009 New England Revolution $2,506,109.81 42 1.400 38.8% $694,729.44 $23,157.65 53.352
2014 New England Revolution $3,850,442.68 55 1.618 53.2% $1,266,305.59 $37,244.28 53.722
2011 Chicago Fire $2,484,391.49 43 1.265 47.3% $929,555.30 $27,339.86 53.917
2011 Sporting Kansas City $2,965,546.24 51 1.500 47.5% $938,891.94 $27,614.47 54.459
2013 Portland Timbers $2,989,827.45 57 1.676 56.3% $1,003,522.47 $29,515.37 54.857
2009 Houston Dynamo $2,454,689.75 48 1.600 48.1% $737,787.69 $24,592.92 56.659
2011 Portland Timbers $2,233,117.60 42 1.235 54.4% $983,964.78 $28,940.14 57.073
2013 Real Salt Lake $3,290,392.00 56 1.647 52.9% $1,057,202.95 $31,094.20 57.792
2010 Colorado Rapids $2,672,206.25 46 1.533 52.5% $915,463.01 $30,515.43 58.328
2011 Real Salt Lake $3,002,747.24 53 1.559 52.3% $1,007,450.03 $29,630.88 58.435
2007 FC Dallas $2,249,162.42 44 1.467 44.6% $683,336.44 $22,777.88 58.567
2013 Sporting Kansas City $3,269,118.09 58 1.706 56.5% $1,083,521.01 $31,868.26 59.230
2009 Real Salt Lake $1,925,774.67 40 1.333 54.0% $779,649.88 $25,988.33 59.874
2013 Philadelphia Union $3,141,521.41 46 1.353 47.4% $1,101,553.99 $32,398.65 60.216
2014 Colorado Rapids $3,174,937.38 32 0.941 43.3% $1,460,669.63 $42,960.87 61.968
2012 Real Salt Lake $3,244,173.61 57 1.676 60.4% $1,169,587.19 $34,399.62 62.129
2013 San Jose Earthquakes $3,353,938.56 51 1.500 51.0% $1,140,562.71 $33,545.96 62.349
2012 Seattle Sounders FC $3,623,029.74 56 1.647 53.5% $1,175,737.85 $34,580.52 62.456
2011 Houston Dynamo $2,911,636.51 49 1.441 53.5% $1,081,476.87 $31,808.14 62.729
2008 Houston Dynamo $2,349,846.02 51 1.700 61.0% $842,627.14 $28,087.57 63.177
2011 Colorado Rapids $2,989,482.00 49 1.441 52.5% $1,089,647.89 $32,048.47 63.203
2007 New England Revolution $1,928,154.67 50 1.667 63.8% $737,634.85 $24,587.83 63.220
2007 D.C. United $2,098,584.53 55 1.833 64.6% $738,892.53 $24,629.75 63.328
2008 New England Revolution $2,052,083.00 43 1.433 59.0% $845,267.30 $28,175.58 63.375
2010 New England Revolution $2,921,358.79 32 1.067 36.3% $994,996.55 $33,166.55 63.395
2011 D.C. United $2,914,159.40 39 1.147 43.4% $1,101,582.14 $32,399.47 63.895
2008 Colorado Rapids $2,409,466.48 38 1.267 44.8% $852,951.13 $28,431.70 63.951
2013 Houston Dynamo $3,257,314.38 51 1.500 54.3% $1,179,582.11 $34,693.59 64.482
2011 Philadelphia Union $2,828,938.09 48 1.412 56.0% $1,121,744.68 $32,992.49 65.065
2008 Real Salt Lake $2,248,801.23 40 1.333 52.4% $882,935.58 $29,431.19 66.199
2010 Sporting Kansas City $2,567,159.25 39 1.300 52.7% $1,041,279.29 $34,709.31 66.344
2010 Chivas USA $2,228,922.22 28 0.933 43.9% $1,049,344.74 $34,978.16 66.858
2009 Columbus Crew $2,577,382.26 49 1.633 55.5% $876,257.37 $29,208.58 67.293
2014 Chivas USA $3,411,456.75 33 0.971 45.1% $1,586,244.69 $46,654.26 67.295
2007 Columbus Crew $1,887,173.00 37 1.233 51.5% $788,175.25 $26,272.51 67.552
2009 Colorado Rapids $2,108,038.34 40 1.333 55.7% $881,265.43 $29,375.51 67.677
2011 San Jose Earthquakes $2,535,304.77 38 1.118 51.5% $1,167,561.22 $34,340.04 67.722
2012 New England Revolution $2,691,311.01 35 1.029 50.1% $1,309,038.30 $38,501.13 69.536
2013 Chicago Fire $3,941,552.35 49 1.441 46.9% $1,281,873.26 $37,702.15 70.073
2012 Colorado Rapids $3,124,568.70 37 1.088 46.1% $1,323,347.74 $38,921.99 70.297
2010 Seattle Sounders FC $3,337,514.80 48 1.600 53.1% $1,107,637.72 $36,921.26 70.572
2011 Columbus Crew $3,022,781.56 47 1.382 55.7% $1,217,550.69 $35,810.31 70.622
2011 Chivas USA $2,748,423.45 36 1.059 47.1% $1,222,071.22 $35,943.27 70.884
2009 FC Dallas $2,438,069.79 39 1.300 49.4% $926,278.98 $30,875.97 71.134
2012 Philadelphia Union $3,027,436.37 36 1.059 47.1% $1,346,132.76 $39,592.14 71.507
2014 Chicago Fire $3,335,107.74 36 1.059 54.2% $1,707,834.56 $50,230.43 72.454
2010 Houston Dynamo $2,439,855.04 33 1.100 51.6% $1,143,404.79 $38,113.49 72.851
2014 Philadelphia Union $3,642,438.18 42 1.235 58.6% $1,726,428.97 $50,777.32 73.242
2012 Montreal Impact $3,354,106.20 42 1.235 50.8% $1,379,336.24 $40,568.71 73.271
2014 Houston Dynamo $3,342,386.32 39 1.147 60.3% $1,755,609.84 $51,635.58 74.480
2013 Columbus Crew $3,165,844.47 41 1.206 51.9% $1,362,811.11 $40,082.68 74.498
2007 Houston Dynamo $2,345,535.34 52 1.733 64.7% $874,839.58 $29,161.32 74.980
2013 Chivas USA $2,580,666.65 26 0.765 40.7% $1,373,847.67 $40,407.28 75.101
2013 Toronto FC $4,364,276.92 29 0.853 27.0% $1,379,984.36 $40,587.78 75.437
2008 FC Dallas $2,361,976.56 36 1.200 52.2% $1,027,459.80 $34,248.66 77.035
2008 Sporting Kansas City $2,367,664.32 42 1.400 61.5% $1,039,404.64 $34,646.82 77.931
2010 Philadelphia Union $2,172,809.97 31 1.033 59.1% $1,241,866.03 $41,395.53 79.124
2013 Vancouver Whitecaps FC $4,196,449.22 48 1.412 48.9% $1,454,139.60 $42,768.81 79.490
2012 Chivas USA $2,770,275.00 30 0.882 47.8% $1,501,692.20 $44,167.42 79.770
2013 FC Dallas $3,820,034.09 44 1.294 49.5% $1,461,163.04 $42,975.38 79.874
2009 Sporting Kansas City $2,048,196.11 33 1.100 56.7% $1,055,379.60 $35,179.32 81.048
2014 Portland Timbers $4,603,855.61 49 1.441 60.1% $1,921,179.55 $56,505.28 81.505
2014 Vancouver Whitecaps FC $4,646,613.97 50 1.471 62.2% $1,966,279.75 $57,831.76 83.418
2012 FC Dallas $3,898,540.69 39 1.147 47.2% $1,604,879.26 $47,202.33 85.252
2008 San Jose Earthquakes $2,111,856.80 33 1.100 60.0% $1,152,113.88 $38,403.80 86.381
2007 Colorado Rapids $2,300,088.91 35 1.167 51.4% $1,013,944.91 $33,798.16 86.902
2009 San Jose Earthquakes $2,190,272.42 30 1.000 52.5% $1,149,235.94 $38,307.86 88.256
2012 Vancouver Whitecaps FC $4,094,423.03 43 1.265 51.5% $1,665,668.42 $48,990.25 88.481
2010 D.C. United $2,975,273.38 22 0.733 34.6% $1,405,005.23 $46,833.51 89.519
2009 Seattle Sounders FC $3,242,312.00 47 1.567 56.6% $1,172,199.27 $39,073.31 90.020
2009 D.C. United $3,023,208.55 40 1.333 52.2% $1,184,266.37 $39,475.55 90.946
2010 Chicago Fire $3,687,212.00 36 1.200 48.0% $1,476,113.87 $49,203.80 94.049
2013 Montreal Impact $3,970,798.06 49 1.441 62.9% $1,732,499.71 $50,955.87 94.707
2014 San Jose Earthquakes $3,878,060.12 30 0.882 51.6% $2,266,131.50 $66,650.93 96.139
2012 Portland Timbers $3,653,001.10 34 1.000 50.2% $1,833,806.55 $53,935.49 97.412
2007 Real Salt Lake $1,988,810.58 27 0.900 52.3% $1,154,836.01 $38,494.53 98.977
2008 Toronto FC $2,629,994.49 35 1.167 58.7% $1,323,488.37 $44,116.28 99.231
2009 Toronto FC $3,655,424.18 39 1.300 47.4% $1,331,980.33 $44,399.34 102.290
2007 Sporting Kansas City $2,429,225.00 40 1.333 69.3% $1,261,860.93 $42,062.03 108.150
2013 Seattle Sounders FC $6,405,492.38 52 1.529 48.0% $2,009,082.68 $59,090.67 109.826
2010 Los Angeles Galaxy $9,856,960.27 59 1.967 34.6% $1,733,154.34 $57,771.81 110.426
2011 Vancouver Whitecaps FC $3,423,902.05 28 0.824 46.9% $1,950,743.74 $57,374.82 113.150
2011 New England Revolution $2,770,993.79 28 0.824 59.3% $1,994,640.50 $58,665.90 115.696
2008 New York Red Bulls $3,599,745.62 39 1.300 57.8% $1,601,332.99 $53,377.77 120.062
2009 Chicago Fire $4,812,747.39 45 1.500 49.9% $1,599,436.38 $53,314.55 122.829
2011 Toronto FC $4,963,064.48 33 0.971 42.6% $2,178,334.12 $64,068.65 126.351
2014 Montreal Impact $4,707,116.44 28 0.824 52.5% $3,000,786.73 $88,258.43 127.306
2008 D.C. United $4,248,396.12 37 1.233 49.4% $1,703,032.74 $56,767.76 127.687
2007 Chicago Fire $3,438,407.90 40 1.333 58.3% $1,503,443.85 $50,114.80 128.856
2010 Toronto FC $4,424,369.81 35 1.167 56.1% $2,128,248.29 $70,941.61 135.599
2007 Toronto FC $2,601,237.67 25 0.833 52.8% $1,647,519.89 $54,917.33 141.204
2014 Seattle Sounders FC $9,599,343.32 64 1.882 66.1% $3,369,849.47 $99,113.22 142.963
2008 Chicago Fire $4,363,077.56 46 1.533 67.9% $1,932,084.56 $64,402.82 144.861
2009 Los Angeles Galaxy $6,548,285.88 48 1.600 50.4% $2,062,710.05 $68,757.00 158.407
2007 New York Red Bulls $4,272,665.83 43 1.433 63.7% $1,899,448.37 $63,314.95 162.796
2013 D.C. United $3,390,570.35 16 0.471 43.9% $3,163,698.81 $93,049.97 172.943
2014 New York Red Bulls $10,171,949.12 50 1.471 64.8% $4,480,784.28 $131,787.77 190.094
2010 New York Red Bulls $9,274,322.02 51 1.700 55.5% $3,025,065.62 $100,835.52 192.739
2013 Los Angeles Galaxy $9,056,327.06 53 1.559 61.2% $3,552,643.32 $104,489.51 194.205
2007 Los Angeles Galaxy $5,653,858.79 34 1.133 45.7% $2,279,835.41 $75,994.51 195.398
2009 New York Red Bulls $3,288,640.93 21 0.700 56.7% $2,664,268.96 $88,808.97 204.604
2011 Los Angeles Galaxy $11,583,196.94 67 1.971 64.4% $3,784,282.31 $111,302.42 219.501
2013 New York Red Bulls $10,110,216.90 59 1.735 69.1% $4,027,670.51 $118,460.90 220.172
2014 Los Angeles Galaxy $12,050,883.29 61 1.794 78.1% $5,247,902.85 $154,350.08 222.638
2012 New York Red Bulls $13,747,830.82 57 1.676 51.9% $4,252,758.81 $125,081.14 225.908
2012 Los Angeles Galaxy $10,861,142.43 54 1.588 63.8% $4,359,541.89 $128,221.82 231.580
2012 Toronto FC $6,451,117.69 23 0.676 47.0% $4,477,356.16 $131,686.95 237.838
2014 Toronto FC $15,596,181.21 41 1.206 59.2% $7,652,703.76 $225,079.52 324.660
2011 New York Red Bulls $12,413,704.49 46 1.353 63.1% $5,792,396.43 $170,364.60 335.978
2008 Los Angeles Galaxy $8,227,541.58 33 1.100 70.6% $5,279,089.86 $175,969.66 395.808
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